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How AI works, drawn: agents, LLMs, RAG and MCP

How language models, AI agents, retrieval and tool calling work, each explained with a diagram you can reuse.

  1. How AI works · · 5 min read

    What is MCP? How the Model Context Protocol works

    MCP is an open standard that lets AI apps like Claude and ChatGPT use other software through one kind of connector, an MCP server. Here is how it works, drawn step by step.

  2. How AI works · · 5 min read

    What is an AI agent? The agent loop explained

    An AI agent is a model that chooses tool calls in a loop until it can answer. Here is the loop drawn step by step, a real trace, and what it costs next to a fixed workflow.